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动词辨析damage, destroy, ruin, spoil

2022-02-06| 来源：互联网| 查看: 317| 评论: 0

摘要: 动词辨析damage,destroy,ruin,spoil1.damage表示“损害”、“损坏”，通常是指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率......

动词辨析damage, destroy, ruin, spoil
1. damage 表示“损害”、“损坏”，通常是指部分性的损坏，往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低，有时用于比喻用法中。如：
The bridge was badly damaged by the flood. 桥被洪水损坏得很严重。
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康。
2. destroy 表示“毁坏”, 通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭, 往往暗示无法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。如：
The fire destroyed the building. 大火毁了大楼。
All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal. 他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。
3. ruin 表示“毁坏”、“毁灭”，指彻底的毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用 ruin。如：
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因粗心大意断送了前途。
4. ruin 有时还可指一般意义的弄坏或损坏，此时与 spoil 同义且常可换用，只是语气比 spoil 稍强。这两个词有时还可用于美好经历或有用东西的损坏(此时不能用 damage 或 destroy)。如：
My new dress is ruined [spoiled]. 我的新连衣裙全完了。(如泼上墨水等)

This unpleasant man with his endless complaints ruined [spoiled] my journey. 这个不讨人喜欢的家伙，牢骚满腹，使我这趟旅行很不愉快。

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5. 表示“毁坏”意义时，damage 和 ruin 还可用作名词，两者都是不可数名词。如：
Everything has gone to ruin. 一切都毁了。
The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对农作物造成了严重的危害。
注：damage 有时也用复数形式，但不表示“损害”，而表示“赔偿费”；而用于复数的 ruins 则表示“废墟”、“遗迹”。如：
He paid $5 000 in damages for the accident. 他付了5 000 美元的事故赔偿费。
The house has fallen into ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。

Fujiyama says students are deeply committed to the organization. They raise money and then travel to Honduras to help building houses. While Fujiyama spends his summers in Honduras working alongside volunteers, he spends a large portion of the year on the road visiting colleges to raise funds. Cosmo Fujiyama, 23, lives in Honduras full time to coordinate（协调）the group’ s building efforts on the ground.
Students Helping Honduras is working with community members of Siete de Abril to build a new village. Many of the families lost their belongings in Hurricane Mitch in 1998. A lot of them didn’t have access to clean water or health care, and they didn’t have a school. Fujiyama’s group helped build 44 homes in the village named “Sunshine Village”. The organization is also raising funds to build a water tower, an eco-friendly sanitation system and a library.